Ī 2019 study of mass shootings published in the journal Injury Epidemiology recommended developing 'a standard definition that considers both fatalities and nonfatalities to most appropriately convey the burden of mass shootings on gun violence.' The authors of the study further suggested that 'the definition of mass shooting should be four or more people, excluding the shooter, who are shot in a single event regardless of the motive, setting or number of deaths.' Definitions The crowdsourced Mass Shooting Tracker project applies the most expansive definition: four or more shot in any incident, including the perpetrator. The Washington Post and Mother Jones use similar definitions, with the latter acknowledging that their definition 'is a conservative measure of the problem', as many shootings with fewer fatalities occur. The Congressional Research Service provides a definition of four or more killed. As of July 31, at least 492 people have been killed and 1,708 other people have been injured in 427 shootings. Gun Violence Archive, a nonprofit research group that tracks shootings and their characteristics in the United States, defines a mass shooting as an incident in which four or more people, excluding the perpetrator(s), are shot in one location at roughly the same time. Several different inclusion criteria are used there is no generally-accepted definition. Mass shootings are incidents in which several people are victims of firearm-related violence. This is a list of mass shootings that took place in the United States in 2023. Class=notpageimage| Mass shootings in Puerto Rico in 2023

Jackson township school shooting